Ọtụtụ n'ime akụrụngwa nke ihe ngbanwe bụ nke ihe bismuth na-abụghị plastik, ọ na-esikwa ike ịhazi ha ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa emechachara n'onwe ha.Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji ihe nkedo nke mpụga ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo inorganic ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo agwakọta.Dị iche iche pụrụ iche refractory akụrụngwa na-edobere siri na ezi batching ime ka a apịtị ihe na edo urughuru nkesa, edo mmiri nkesa, ụfọdụ plasticity na mfe akpụ na ọkara mechara ngwaahịa.Ọ dị mkpa ịnakwere usoro mmepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, mmetụta ngwakọta dị mma na ngwakọta kwesịrị ekwesị.
(1) Dakọtara urughuru
Enwere ike ịme billet (apịtị) ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa nwere oke njupụta kachasị elu site n'ịhọrọ ihe mejupụtara ahụ nwere ezi uche.N'ụzọ doro anya, a nwalere otu nha nha nke sentimita dị iche iche na ihe dị iche iche, na njupụta buru ibu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu.N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, porosity bụ 38% ± 1%.Ya mere, maka bọọlụ nwere otu nha, nnukwu njupụta ya na porosity ya na-adabere na nha nke bọọlụ na ihe onwunwe ya, a na-echekwa ya mgbe niile n'ụdị hexagonal yana nọmba nhazi nke 8.
Usoro nchịkọta usoro ihe atụ nke otu urughuru nke otu nha nwere cube, otu kọlụm oblique, kọlụm oblique mejupụtara, ọdịdị pyramidal, na tetrahedron.A na-egosi usoro nchịkọta dị iche iche nke otu nha nha na Fig 24. E gosipụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti usoro nkwụnye ego nke otu irighiri ihe na porosity na Tebụl 2-26.
Iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo elu ma belata porosity, a na-eji oghere nke nha nha nha nhata, ya bụ, a na-agbakwunye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere oghere na nnukwu oghere iji mee ka nhazi nke oghere ahụ dịkwuo elu, na mmekọrịta ahụ. n'etiti olu nke sphere na porosity na-egosi na tebụl.2-27.
Site na ihe ndị na-emepụta clinker, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ 4. 5 mm, ihe ndị dị n'etiti bụ 0.7 mm, ihe ndị dị mma bụ 0.09 mm, na mgbanwe nke clinker porosity nke clinker gosipụtara na Figure 2-5.
Site na eserese 2-5, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ 55% ~ 65%, ihe ndị na-ajụ ase bụ 10% ~ 30%, na ezigbo ntụ ntụ bụ 15% ~ 30%.Enwere ike ibelata porosity nke pụtara ìhè na 15.5%.N'ezie, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe pụrụ iche nwere ike imezi nke ọma dịka ihe onwunwe anụ ahụ na ọdịdị nke ihe ndị ahụ si dị.
(2) Onye na-ejikọta ọnụ maka ngwaahịa refractory pụrụ iche
Dabere n'ụdị ihe mgbochi pụrụ iche na usoro ịkpụzi, ihe nkedo enwere ike iji bụ:
(1) Usoro grouting, chịngọm arabic, polyvinyl butyral, hydrazine methyl cellulose, sodium acrylate, sodium alginate, na ihe ndị ọzọ.
(2) Usoro mgbaka, gụnyere mmanụ mmanu, glycols,
Polyvinyl mmanya, methyl cellulose, starch, dextrin, maltose na glycerin.
(3) Usoro ịgba ogwu na-ekpo ọkụ, ihe ndị a na-ekekọta bụ: paraffin wax, beeswax, mmanụ mmanu: oleic acid, glycerin, stearic acid na ihe ndị ọzọ.
(4) Usoro nkedo, onye na-ejikọta ya: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic;plasticizer: polyethylene glycol, dioctane Phosphoric acid, dibutyl peroxide, wdg;onye na-ekesa ihe: glycerin, oleic acid;ihe mgbaze: ethanol, acetone, toluene, na ndị ọzọ.
(5) Usoro injection, thermoplastic resin polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, acetyl cellulose, propylene resin, wdg, nwekwara ike ikpo ọkụ resin phenolic siri ike;mmanu mmanu: stearic acid.
(6) Usoro ntinye nke isostatic, mmanya polyvinyl, methyl cellulose, na-eji sulfite pulp mkpofu mmiri mmiri, phosphate na ndị ọzọ inorganic salts mgbe akpụ pellets.
(7) Usoro mgbasa ozi, methyl cellulose, dextrin, mmanya polyvinyl, sulfite pulp mkpofu mmiri mmiri, sirop ma ọ bụ dị iche iche inorganic salts;Sulfite pulp mkpofu mmiri mmiri, methyl cellulose, gum arabic , dextrin ma ọ bụ inorganic na inorganic acid salts, dị ka phosphoric acid ma ọ bụ phosphates.
(3) Admixtures maka ngwaahịa refractory pụrụ iche
Iji meziwanye ụfọdụ ihe nke ngwaahịa refractory pụrụ iche, na-achịkwa ntụgharị kristal nke isiokwu ahụ, belata ọkụ ọkụ nke isiokwu ahụ, ma gbakwunye obere admixture na ngwongwo.Ngwakọta ndị a na-abụkarị ígwè oxides, oxides na-abụghị metal, obere metal oxides, fluorides, borides na phosphates.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwunye 1% ~ 3% boric acid (H2BO3) na γ-Al2O3 nwere ike ịkwalite ntụgharị.Mgbakwunye 1% ruo 2% TiO2 na Al2O3 nwere ike belata ọkụ ọkụ (ihe dịka 1600 Celsius C).Mgbakwunye nke TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, na V2O5 na MgO na-akwalite uto nke ọka cristobalite ma na-ebelata okpomọkụ ọkụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ.Mgbakwunye nke CaO, MgO, Y2O3 na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ na akụrụngwa ZrO2 nwere ike mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta siri ike nke cubic zirconia nke kwụsiri ike site na ụlọ okpomọkụ ruo 2000 Celsius C mgbe ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu.
(4) Usoro na akụrụngwa maka ịgwakọta
Usoro ịgwakọta akọrọ
Ngwakọta ihe na-eme mkpọtụ siri ike nke Shandong Konyle mepụtara nwere olu nke 0.05 ~ 30m3, dabara maka ịgwakọta ntụ ntụ dị iche iche, granules, flakes na ihe viscosity dị ala, ma ejiri ya na-agbakwunye mmiri na ngwaọrụ ịgba.
2. Usoro ngwakọta mmiri
N'ime usoro ngwakọta mmiri a na-emekarị, a na-etinye ihe ndị dị iche iche nke ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na mbara igwe nke a na-eji ihe nchebe eme ihe maka ịkwanye nke ọma.Mgbe emechara slurry ahụ, a na-agbakwunye plasticizer na admixtures ndị ọzọ iji dozie njupụta apịtị ahụ, a na-agwakọta ngwakọta ahụ nke ọma n'ime igwe ihe igwe kwụ ọtọ mbara ala, wee kpoo ya ma kpoo ya n'ime igwe nkụ.
Ngwakọta mbara ala
3. Usoro ngwakọta plastik
Iji na-emepụta a ukwuu vasatail compounding usoro maka a pụrụ iche refractory ngwaahịa oghere adabara plastic akpụ ma ọ bụ sludge akpụ.N'ime usoro a, a na-agwakọta ihe dị iche iche, ihe mgbakwunye, plasticizers, na lubricants na mmiri na-agwakọta ya nke ọma na igwe igwe mbara ala, wee gwakọta ya ma gwakọta ya na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa dị elu iji wepụ ihe ndị dị na apịtị.Iji mee ka plastik nke apịtị dịkwuo mma, a na-ejikọta apịtị ahụ na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, a na-etinyekwa apịtị ahụ na ngwakọta nke abụọ na igwe ụrọ tupu ịkpụzi ya.Koneile na-emepụta ngwakọ dị elu yana ike dị ka egosiri n'okpuru:
Ngwakọta dị mma ma dị ike
Ngwakọta emegideghị ya
4. Usoro ngwakọta ọkara-akọrọ
Kwesịrị ekwesị maka ụzọ ngwakọta na mmiri dị ala.A na-achọ iji usoro ngwakọta nke ọkara-akọrọ maka ngwaahịa refractory pụrụ iche nke a na-eji igwe na-emepụta site na ihe ndị na-emepụta granular (nke siri ike, ọkara na ezigbo ihe atọ nke atọ).A na-eme ihe ndị a na-eme na igwekota ájá, igwe igwe mmiri, igwe ihe igwe ụwa ma ọ bụ ihe na-amanye mmanye.
Usoro ngwakọta bụ ibu ụzọ gwakọta ọkwa dị iche iche nke granules, gbakwunye ngwọta mmiri nwere ihe nkedo (inorganic ma ọ bụ organic), ma gbakwunye ntụ ntụ dị mma (gụnyere enyemaka combustion, mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi, na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ).Onye nnọchi anya) na-agwakọta nke ọma.Oge ngwakọta n'ozuzu bụ 20 ~ 30min.Apịtị agwakọta kwesịrị igbochi oke nha nha na mmiri kwesịrị kesaa nke ọma.Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a ga-ejide ihe apịtị ahụ nke ọma mgbe a na-akpụzi ya.
A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya mmiri nke ụrọ ngwaahịa a na-ebipụta na 2.5% ruo 4%;A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya mmiri nke ngwaahịa a kpụrụ apịtị na 4.5% ruo 6.5%;A na-achịkwa ọdịnaya mmiri nke ngwaahịa a kpụrụ akpụ na-ama jijiji na 6% ruo 8%.
(1) Nrụ ọrụ nka nke usoro CMP nke igwe igwe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke Kone mepụtara.
(2) Nrụ ọrụ teknụzụ nke igwekota ájá mmiri
5. Ụzọ ngwakọta apịtị
Usoro agwakọta apịtị bụ maka imepụta ngwaahịa seramiiki pụrụ iche, ọkachasị slurry apịtị maka ịkpụzi injection gypsum, ịkpụzi ihe nkedo na ịkpụzi injection.Usoro nke ime ihe bụ ịgwakọta ihe dị iche iche nke akụrụngwa, ndị na-agba ume, ndị na-akwụsịtụ, admixtures na 30% ruo 40% nke mmiri dị ọcha n'ime igwe igwe (igwe igwe na-agwakọta) na mkpuchi na-eguzogide ọgwụ, na mix na-egweri mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị. oge., mere ka ọ bụrụ slurry apịtị maka ịkpụzi.N'ime usoro ịme apịtị, ọ dị mkpa ijikwa njupụta na pH nke apịtị dị ka njirimara ihe onwunwe na ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ịkwanye ụrọ n'onwe ya.
Ngwakọta dị ike na-emegide onwe ya
Ihe ndị bụ isi a na-eji eme ihe n'usoro ngwakọta apịtị bụ igwe igwe, igwe ikuku ikuku, mkpochapụ mmiri mmiri, mgbapụta apịtị, onye na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.
6. Usoro ikpo ọkụ ọkụ
Paraffin na ihe nkedo dabere na resin bụ ihe siri ike (ma ọ bụ viscous) na okpomọkụ nkịtị, enweghị ike ịgwakọta ya na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ma a ghaghị ikpo ọkụ ma gwakọta ya.
A na-eji paraffin eme ihe dị ka ihe nkedo mgbe a na-eji usoro nkedo anwụ anwụ na-ekpo ọkụ.N'ihi na ebe mgbaze nke paraffin wax bụ 60 ~ 80 Celsius C, paraffin wax na-ekpo ọkụ karịa 100 Celsius C na ngwakọta ma nwee ezigbo mmiri.Mgbe ahụ, a na-agbakwunye ezigbo ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ na paraffin mmiri mmiri, ma mgbe ngwakọta zuru oke na ngwakọta, a na-akwadebe ihe ahụ.A na-etolite achicha wax site na nkedo anwụ na-ekpo ọkụ.
Ngwakọta isi ihe maka ikpokọta ngwakọta bụ ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ.
Oge nzipu: Ọkt-20-2018