Uninzi lwezinto ezikrwada zezinto eziphikisayo zezezinto ze-bismuth ezingezizo zeplastiki, kwaye kunzima ukuzicwangcisa zibe ziimveliso ezigqityiweyo ngokwazo.Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-binder ye-organic yangaphandle okanye i-inorganic binder okanye i-binder edibeneyo.Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo zixhomekeke kwi-batching engqongqo kunye nechanekileyo ukwenza izinto zodaka kunye nokusabalalisa amasuntswana afanayo, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi afanayo, iplastiki ethile kunye nokwenza lula kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo.Kuyimfuneko ukwamkela inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokusebenza okuphezulu, umphumo wokuxuba okulungileyo kunye nokuxuba okufanelekileyo.
(1) Ukutshatisa inqaku
I-billet (udaka) inokwenziwa ibe yimveliso enobuninzi obukhulu ngokukhetha ukubunjwa kwamasuntswana afanelekileyo.Ngokwethiyori, i-intshi yobungakanani obunye bee-intshi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zavavanywa, kwaye ukuxinana kwesambuku phantse kuyafana.Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, i-porosity yayingama-38% ± 1%.Ngoko ke, kwibhola yobukhulu obunye, ubuninzi bayo kunye ne-porosity zizimeleyo kubukhulu bebhola kunye neempawu eziphathekayo, kwaye zihlala zifakwe kwi-hexagonal shape enenombolo yokulungelelanisa ye-8.
Indlela yokubeka i-theoretical ye-particle eyodwa yobukhulu obufanayo ine-cube, ikholamu enye ye-oblique, ikholamu edibeneyo edibeneyo, i-pyramidal shape, kunye ne-tetrahedron.Iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokupakisha ze-sphere yobukhulu obufanayo ziboniswe kwi-Fig 24. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendlela yokubeka i-particle enye kunye ne-porosity iboniswe kwiThebhile 2-26.
Ukwandisa ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunciphisa i-porosity, i-sphere ye-particle ye-particle engalinganiyo isetyenzisiweyo, oko kukuthi, inani elithile leengqungquthela ezincinci zongezwa kwi-sphere enkulu ukwandisa ukubunjwa kwe-sphere, kunye nobudlelwane. phakathi komthamo othathwe yi-sphere kunye ne-porosity iboniswe kwitheyibhile.2-27.
Ngezithako ze-clinker, i-coarse particles yi-4. 5 mm, iinqununu eziphakathi zi-0.7 mm, iinqununu ezintle ziyi-0.09 mm, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwe-clinker porosity ye-clinker kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-5.
Ukususela kwi-Figure 2-5, iinqununu ezinqabileyo ziyi-55% ~ 65%, iinqununu eziphakathi ziyi-10% ~ 30%, kunye ne-powder ecocekileyo yi-15% ~ 30%.I-porosity ebonakalayo ingancitshiswa ibe yi-15.5%.Ngokuqinisekileyo, izithako zezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezichasayo zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokweempawu ezibonakalayo kunye nokuma kwesuntswana lezinto.
(2) I-ejenti yokudibanisa kwiimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezinqabileyo
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesixhobo esikhethekileyo esichasayo kunye nendlela yokubumba, izibophelelo ezinokusetyenziswa zezi:
(1) Indlela yokugaya, i-gum arabic, i-polyvinyl butyral, i-hydrazine methyl cellulose, i-sodium acrylate, i-alginate ye-sodium, kunye nokunye.
(2) Indlela yokucudisa, kubandakanywa izithambiso, ii-glycols,
I-polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose, isitashi, i-dextrin, i-maltose kunye ne-glycerin.
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(4) Indlela yokuphosa, i-agent edibeneyo: i-methyl cellulose, i-ethyl cellulose, i-cellulose acetate, i-polyvinyl butyral, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-acrylic;plasticizer: polyethylene glycol, dioctane Phosphoric acid, dibutyl peroxide, njl.;i-arhente yokusabalalisa: i-glycerin, i-oleic acid;i-solvent: i-ethanol, i-acetone, i-toluene, kunye nokunye.
(5) Indlela yokutofa, i-thermoplastic resin polyethylene, i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene, i-acetyl cellulose, i-propylene resin, njl., inokutshisa i-resin eqinile ye-phenolic;ilubricant: stearic acid.
(6) Indlela yokucinezela i-Isostatic, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose, usebenzisa i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-phosphate kunye nezinye iityuwa ze-inorganic xa usenza iipellets.
(7) Indlela yokucinezela, i-methyl cellulose, i-dextrin, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, isiraphu okanye iityuwa ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic;sulfite pulp waste liquid, methyl cellulose, gum arabic, dextrin okanye inorganic and inorganic acid salts, ezifana nephosphoric acid okanye iphosphates.
(3) I-Admixtures yeemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezinqabileyo
Ukuze kuphuculwe iipropathi ezithile zeemveliso ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo, lawula ukuguqulwa kwefom ye-crystal yenqaku, ukunciphisa ubushushu bokudubula kwenqaku, kwaye ungeze inani elincinci le-admixture kwi-furnish.Le mixube ubukhulu becala ziioksidi zetsimbi, iioksidi ezingezizo ezentsimbi, iioksidi zesinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, iifluorides, iiborides kunye neephosphates.Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza i-1% ~ 3% ye-boric acid (H2BO3) kwi-γ-Al2O3 inokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa.Ukongezwa kwe-1% ukuya kwi-2% ye-TiO2 kwi-Al2O3 kunokunciphisa kakhulu ubushushu bokudubula (malunga ne-1600 ° C).Ukongezwa kwe-TiO2, i-Al2O3, i-ZiO2, kunye ne-V2O5 kwi-MgO ikhuthaza ukukhula kweenkozo ze-cristobalite kunye nokunciphisa ukushisa kokudubula kwemveliso.Ukongezwa kwe-CaO, i-MgO, i-Y2O3 kunye nezinye izongezo kwi-ZrO2 izinto eziluhlaza zingenziwa kwi-cubic zirconia isisombululo esiqinileyo esizinzile ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-2000 ° C emva kokunyanga kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
(4) Indlela kunye nezixhobo zokuxuba
Indlela yokuxuba eyomileyo
Umxube oqinileyo oqinileyo owenziwe nguShandong Konyle unomthamo we-0.05 ~ 30m3, ulungele ukuxuba iipowder ezahlukeneyo, iigranules, iiflakes kunye ne-low-viscosity materials, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokongeza kunye nokutshiza.
2. Indlela yokuxuba emanzi
Kwindlela yokuxuba okumanzi okuqhelekileyo, izithako zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza zifakwe kwi-mixer yeplanethi exhotywe ngomgca wokukhusela wokugaya kakuhle.Emva kokuba i-slurry yenziwe, i-plasticizer kunye nezinye i-admixtures zongezwa ukulungisa ubuninzi bodaka, kwaye umxube uxutywe ngokucokisekileyo kwi-vertical shaft yeplanethi yomxube wodaka, kunye ne-granulated kwaye yomiswe kwi-spray granulation dryer.
Umxubi weplanethi
3. Indlela yokudibanisa iplastiki
Ukuze kuveliswe indlela yokudibanisa eguquguqukayo kakhulu kwimveliso ekhethekileyo yerefractory engenanto ilungele ukwenziwa kweplastiki okanye ukwenza udaka.Ngale ndlela, izinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza, i-admixtures, iiplasticizers, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa kunye namanzi zixutywa ngokucokisekileyo kumxube weplanethi, kwaye emva koko zixutywe kwaye zixutywe kumxube ophezulu osebenza kakhulu ukususa amaqamza eludakeni.Ukuze kuphuculwe iplastiki yodaka, udaka luxutywe kunye nezinto ezidala, kwaye udaka luxhomekeke kumxube wesibini kumatshini wodongwe ngaphambi kokubumba.I-Koneile ivelisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nabaxube abanamandla njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:
Umxubi osebenzayo kwaye onamandla
I-countercurrent mixer
4. Indlela yokuxuba eyomileyo
Ifanelekile kwiindlela zokuxuba kunye nokufuma okuphantsi.Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuxuba i-semi-dry iyadingeka kwiimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezinqabileyo ezenziwe ngomatshini ngezithako ze-granular (izithako ezinqabileyo, eziphakathi kunye nezilungileyo zezigaba ezintathu).Izithako ziqhutyelwa kumxube wesanti, umxube omanzi, umxube weplanethi okanye umxube onyanzelekileyo.
Inkqubo yokuxuba kukuqala ukomisa ukuxuba amabakala ahlukeneyo e-granules, yongeza isisombululo samanzi esine-binder (i-inorganic okanye i-organic), kwaye ungeze i-powder edibeneyo edibeneyo (kubandakanywa uncedo lokutshisa, i-agent yokwandisa, kunye nezinye izongezo).I-arhente) ixutywe ngokupheleleyo.Ixesha lokuxuba ngokubanzi li-20 ~ 30min.Udaka oluxutyiweyo lufanele luthintele ukwahlulwa kobukhulu bamasuntswana kwaye amanzi kufuneka asasazwe ngokulinganayo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, izinto zodaka kufuneka zibanjwe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokubumba.
Ubumanzi bodaka lwemveliso eyenziwe ngocinezelo lulawulwa kwi-2.5% ukuya kwi-4%;isiqulatho sokufuma kwimveliso ebunjiweyo ebunjwe ngodaka kulawulwa kwi-4.5% ukuya kwi-6.5%;kunye nomxholo wokufuma wemveliso ebunjiweyo eshukumayo ilawulwa kwi-6% ukuya kwi-8%.
(1) Ukusebenza kobuchwephesha koluhlu lwe-CMP lwamandla asebenzayo abaxube beplanethi abaveliswe nguKone.
(2) Ukusebenza kobugcisa bomxube wesanti emanzi
5. Indlela yokuxuba udaka
Indlela yokuxuba udaka yeyokuvelisa iimveliso ezikhethekileyo zeeramic refractory, ngakumbi i-slurry yodaka yokubumba inaliti ye-gypsum, ukubunjwa kwe-casting kunye ne-injection molding.Indlela yokusebenza kukudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza, ii-agent zokuqinisa, i-suspending agents, i-admixtures kunye ne-30% ukuya kwi-40% yamanzi acocekileyo kwi-ball mill (i-mixing mill) kunye ne-lining-resistant lining, kunye nokuxuba kunye nokusila emva kwexesha elithile. ixesha., eyenziwe yaludaka lodaka lokubumba.Kwinkqubo yokwenza udaka, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ubuninzi kunye ne-pH yodaka ngokweempawu eziphathekayo kunye neemfuno zokuziphosa ngodaka.
I-Countercurrent mixer enamandla
Izixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa indlela yokuxuba udaka yibhola yebhola, i-compressor yomoya, ukususwa kwentsimbi emanzi, ipompo yodaka, i-vacuum deaerator, kunye nokunye okunjalo.
6. Indlela yokuxuba ukufudumala
Iparafini kunye ne-resin-based binders zizinto eziqinileyo (okanye i-viscous) kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, kwaye azikwazi ukuxutywa kwiqondo lokushisa, kwaye kufuneka zifudunyezwe kwaye zixutywe.
Iparafini isetyenziswa njengesibophelelo xa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokugalela kufa eshushu.Ngenxa yokuba iqondo lokunyibilika leparafini lingama-60 ~ 80 °C, iparafini iwax ifudunyezwa ibe ngaphezu kwe-100 °C ekuxubeni kwaye inolwelo oluhle.Emva koko i-powder powder eluhlaza yongezwa kwiparafini yamanzi, kwaye emva kokuxuba ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuxuba, izinto zilungiswa.Ikeyiki ye-wax yenziwe ngokuphosa okutshisayo.
Izixhobo eziphambili zokuxuba ukufudumeza umxube yi-agitator evuthayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-20-2018